Narrative: The Merchant and His Donkey

A long time ago, there was a merchant who had a donkey. One day he bought some sacks of salt and put them on the donkey’s back.. On the way, they had to cross a river. The donkey fell down into the water and the burden became lighter because the salt melted. It did this twice when they were in the river.

The merchant was disappointed and angry. He thought the donkey played a trick on him. Therefore, he wanted to punish it. He, then, bought the sponge rubber instead of salt and put it on its back. When they arrived at the river for the third time the donkey lay down quickly. The burden was heavier, and the donkey could not get up. The merchant forced it to stand up and continue their journey. The donkey walked very slowly because of the heavy burden. The merchant said  to himself, ”You deserve the punishment”.

Narrative: The Fox and the Crow

Miss Crow had stolen a big piece of cheese, and flew onto a branch to enjoy it. A sly fox, who wanted the cheese for himself, came up and spoke politely to her.

“Oh, Miss Crow, how beautiful you are! What a lovely beak, what lovely feathers you have! What pretty eyes! If only you could sing, you would be the most beautiful bird in the world!”

Very pleased to hear all of these about herself, Miss Crow gave a loud croak to show that she could sing. Of course, the moment she opened her beak, the cheese fell down and Mr. Fox ran away with it, laughing loudly.

Narrative: A Lion and A Mouse

Mr. Lion was lying asleep, but was awakened by a mouse running over his face. How dare you! ”he roared, and raised his paw to kill the mouse.

                “Please, Sir, ”begged Miss Mouse, “Let me go, and one day I may do something for you in return”.

                “You help me! Ha...ha...,” laughed Mr. Lion, but let her go.

                One day, Mr. Lion was caught in a net spread by hunters.

                “I can’t get out!” he roared angrily.

                “But I can help you,” said tiny voice, and up run Miss Mouse, who nibbled and gnawed at the ropes until the lion was free.

                “There,” she said proudly, “If you had not let me go, I would not have found a way to help you.”

                “Thank you, Good mouse,” said the lion gently. “You did help me even though I’m big. And you are so little. I see now that kindness is always worth while.”

Narrative: The Hose

There were many beautiful plants and flower in Bobo’s garden. He was very proud of them, and he loves watering them every afternoon. One day Bobo was watering his plants when suddenly the water from the hose stopped flowing. Bobo was surprised, and when he looked around he saw Giga standing on the hose. Accidentally, Giga had stopped on the hose and broken it. Bobo was upset and Giga felt very sorry. Then she went to a small pond near the garden, filled her trunk with water, and came back. She sprayed Bobo’s garden with the water from her trunk. Bobo was happy and forgave Giga. Giga promised to get Bobo a new watering hose.

Narrative: Loro Jonggrang Temple

Once upon a time, there was a man named Bandung Bondowoso who wanted to marry Loro Jonggrang, a beautiful young lady who lived in a small village. She didn’t love him but she was afraid to tell the truth because she knew that Bandung Bondowoso had supranatural powers. Finally she found a trick to refuse it. She told him that she would marry him if he built thousand temples in one night. With the help of thousands of spirits, he was able to erect  the temples. Before dawn he almost finish his work.

To know it, Loro Jonggrang asked all the girls to wake up and pound some rice. Hearing the sound of rice pestles, all the spirits run away because she was frightened by the sound and thought that the dawn had come. Because of their running away there was only nine hundred and nineteen nine temples and still one more temple which was not completed by Bandung Bondowoso. He was  maddened by her deceit  and that’s why he then cursed  her to be a temple to complete the temples. It was a sad love story

Contoh Jenis Teks Descriptive

A.            The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The area of the United Kingdom is 242.500 sq.km.

The climate is generally mild and temperate. It is rarely above 32⁰ and below 10⁰ C. the weather from day to day is mainly influenced by depressions moving eastwards across the Atlantic. On average, March to June are the drist months. November to January are the wettest months.

                According to mid-1990 estimates, Britain’s population is 51,4 million. England’s is 47,8 million, Wales’ is 2,9 million, Scotland’s is 5,1 million, Northern Ireland’s is 1,6 million. The population density of the United Kingdom is about 237 inhabitants per sq.km. Of the four lands, England has the most population with 367 people per sq.km; Scotland has 66 people per sq.km; Wales, 139; and Northern Ireland, 1,3 people per sq.km.

                Britain has performed wealth economically. In the later eighteen and nineteenth centuries Britain became the first industrialized country. So jobs in service industries have grown well.

B.  Tommy

Tommy is my unique and cute cat. He has a white and black fur. It is smooth and thick. He is very fat. He has a long tail and two ears of course. He likes to eat meat ball but doesn’t like to eat fish. Every morning I give him coffee because he does not like others.

He usually shakes the body and ro whenever he hears music especially “Dangdut”. That is why eveyone loves him very much.

C.  My Lovely Bedroom

                I’m going to tell you about my bedroom. My bedroom is the place of my own where I keep my personal things. This is also the place where I do a lot of things. Such as sleeping, studying, reading, listening to the radio and watching television.

                My room is not big enough but it’s clean and tidy, because I clean and rearrange everything after using it. My bedroom has a single bed and there are a pillow and a bolster on it. The bed is covered with a nice bed sheet with a flowery motif, because I like flower very much. Every morning after getting up I make the bed. Beside the bed there is a desk. I use it for studying and doing my homework. I also put my book there. On the wall there are some photos of myself and pictures of my favorite F1 racer, Michael Schumacher. In my room there is also a wardrobe to keep my clothes. The last, beside the wardrobe there is a small table where I put my 14 inches TV and a radio. 

D.                                                            Blitar,  January 23^rd 2007

Dear, Kennedy

                How are you? I hope everything is OK with you. I have received your letter. I am glad to hear that you want to know more about my village.

                My village, Penataran, is a very nice village. It’s at the foot of Kelud mountain. It’s about 10 kilometers from my house. About a kilometer from my house there is a Hinduist’s big temple. There is a relief surround the temple telling about Ramayana story. For about 5 kilometers to the south there is Soekarno’s graveyard. It is the grave of Indonesian’s first president. To go there you can ride a horse cart, and it costs about ten thousand rupiahs.

                Most people in my village work as farmers and the rest work  as teacher, policeman, etc. They are very kind and nice.

                In my village everything is green. So the air is so fresh and unpolluted. 

                Well, that’s all for now. Please come and visit me when you have time. Reply me soon..

Sincerely Yours,

Didha

E.  The People of Nepal

  Most people of Nepal are farmers. They live in stone or timber houses with thatched or slab roofing. They grow rice, which is their main crops, maize, barley, potatoes and vegetables. Sheep are their main source of meat. Cows are kept to produce milk. Goat are used for milk. Donkeys, mules and llama are used for carrying goods. Nepal is an isolated country, so hardly any modernizing has occurred. They have few facilities and mainly live on their intensive subsistence agriculture.

F.            Little Kevin was born on January 18, 1955. when he was young, he was a shy boy. There was no attraction on him. In his school, he had no majority. No one cared about him. But, in his being alone, there was a beautiful girl who cared about him. She was interested in him. She fell in love with him. Her name was Cyndi Sylva. “ I myself didn’t know what his speciality was and how come I loved him. I just realize that I am his wife now,” said Cyndi. They married in 1978

Contoh Jenis Teks Procedure

A.  Make Your Own Ice Cream

Make some tasty ice cream and find out how to make things freeze without putting them in the freezer. This is an old-fashioned way of making ice cream. It still works well.

You will need:

1. cream
2. drinking chocolate powder
3. ice cubes
4. salt
5. milk
6. tea towel
7. table spoon
8. glass
9. large bowl

Steps:

1. Mix one spoon of chocolate, two spoons of milk, and one spoon of cream in the glass.
2. Put some ice cubes in the bowl and sprinkle a lot of salt over them.
3. Place the glass of ice cream mixture in the large bowl o top of the salted ice cubes.
4. Build up more layers of ice cubes and salt around the glass.
5. Place the tea towel over the bowl. Leave the ice cream mixture to set for an hour. Stir it every few minutes.

B.  Get a Jet Going

Airliners fly around the world at high speed. They have large jet engine that produce a powerful jet of air to drive the airliner through the sky. Demonstrate how a jet engine works by flying a balloon at speed across a room.

You will need:

• Length of threads
• Sticky tape
• Balloon
• Balloon pump
• Drinking straw

Steps:

1.       Feed the thread through the straw. It must move easily.

2.       Stretch the thread across a room. Stick two pieces of tape to the straw.

3.       Blow up the balloon. Hold the neck, and attach the balloon to the straw.

Let go the balloon off. It rushes along the thread at high speed.

C.  The Simple Way to Browse a Website

In Internet era, you should know how to browse a website. Before you browse the Internet, make sure that:

• Your modem and telephone line are connected to your computer.
• Internet Explorer is installed in your computer
• Your computer is turn on

Steps to be followed:

1.       First, find the Internet Explorer icon I your desktop and double click it to activate/ to run the program. It will connect your computer to Internet Service Provider (ISP) automatically.

2.       Second, wait until the first page (homepage) completely loaded.

3.       Then, type a website address in the address bar. The address bar is usually under the menu bar. Push “Enter” button on your keyboard to begin searching the web.

4.       Wait for a moment until the first page of the website appears. To choose the information you want, click one available menu on it.

5.       If you want to surf other website, repeat the 3^rd and 4^th steps.

6.       End your internet browsing by closing Internet Explorer and don’t forget to disconnect your computer and your provider.

Be happy, enjoy your life.

D.  Shrimp Ball Soup

Ingredients :

§  600 grams of fresh shrimps, peeled..

§  40 grams of straw mushrooms

§  1 stalk of celery

§  2 slices of carrot

§  1 cup of broth

Seasonings :

A.       ¼ teaspoon of salt

        1 egg white

        1 tablespoon of cornstarch

B.   1 tablespoon of soy sauce

        ½ teaspoon sesame oil

Instructions :

1.       First, chop up shrimps and add a seasoning. Mix until pasty.

2.       Then, cut mushrooms into pieces and fresh green celery into short lengths.

3.       Roll shrimp mixture into little ball and stick a length of celery into each.

4.       Next, pour both into pot and bring to boil.

5.       Add shrimp balls and cook for 8 minutes.

6.       Then, add straw mushrooms and carrot. When broth begins to boil again, add B seasoning.

7.     Finally, serve it in a serving bowl.

E.            “To make iced lemon tea, you need a glass of tea, two teaspoonfuls of sugar, ice cubes, and a slice of lemon. Make the tea a bit strong because when you add the lemon it will get thinner. After the tea is ready, squeeze the lemon according to your own taste, add some ice cubes, and your iced lemon tea is ready”

F.            My favorite snack is Pisang Penyet. What you need is good sweet bananas and some palm sugar for the sauce.

After that, peel the bananas and flatten them. Next, bake them.

Prepare the sauce by putting the palm sugar in a pan. Add some water and boil it.

Finally put the flattened bananas on a plate and pour them with some palm sugar sauce.

Mmmmmm, Yummmy!

G.            Do you like Indomie Goreng? I’m sure you do! How do you make it?

Let’s try to explain the way in English. First, open the package of Indomie Fried noodles while boiling two glasses of water in a pan. While waiting for the water to boil, pour the seasoning, chilli sauce, soya sauce and oil into a bowl. After the water is boiled, drain the noodles and throw away the water. Then pour the noodles into the bowl, and mix them with the seasoning, sauce, and the other ingredients. Your noodles are ready!

H.  How to Make Pencil box

Materials:

• An empty plastic bottle of mineral water
• A piece of colorful paper
• A cutter
• A glue
• Some paints/pictures/accessories

Steps:

1. Cut the bottle using cutter.
2. Wrap the bottle with paper and paste it with glue
3. wait for a moment to make it dry
4. Draw some pictures with your paints and put some accessories.
5. Now your pencil box is ready. Put it on your table.

I.  Home-made Fried Chicken

Ingredients:

1. Fresh and cleaned chicken, cut it into some pieces
2. Spice: turmeric, peeper, and garlic
3. Salt
4. Vegetable oil

Steps:

§  First, grind the spices until they mixed and soft.

§  Next, put the chicken in the bowl and pour fresh water into it and then put the grinded spices on it, stir well.

§  Then, after they stirred well, boil the chicken until the flesh cooked and the color changes into white.

§  After that, fry the chicken using vegetable oil the color becomes brownish.

§  Finally, serve your chicken with warm rice and chili.

J.  How to Make a Pencil Box

What you need:

▪         An empty plastic bottle of mineral water

▪         A sharp cutter

▪         A piece of white or colorful paper

▪         Some paint

▪         Some glue

How to make it:

1. Wash the plastic bottle. Make sure it is clean when you see it.
2. Cut the bottle into two halves.
3. Wrap the bottle with a piece of colored paper.
4. If you use plain paper, use the paint to make a drawing on it.
5. Now your pencil box is ready to use.

K.  How to Make Blouse

Materials:

• Cloth
• Buttons
• Thread

Equipments:

• Measure tape
• Sewing machine
• Scissors
• Needle
• Color pencil

Steps:

1. Measure your body
2. Draw the measurement on the cloth with color pencil
3. Cut the cloth with scissors
4. Sew it based on the measurement
5. Put the sleeves and sew them
6. Put the collar and sew it.
7. Make the hole of button
8. Put the button
9. The blouse is ready to wear.

L.  How To Make Fried-Banana

Materials:

• A bunch of good bananas
• ¼ litre of frying oil
• ¼ kg of wheat flour
• a glass of water
• 1 ons of sugar
• ½ tea spoon of salt

How to make it:

1.       Peel the bananas

2.       Mix the sugar with the egg in the bowl

3.       Add ½ tea spoon of salt and ¼ kg wheat flour mix them well

4.       Put the water into the bowl while you mix it

5.       Blanch the bananas into the dressing

6.       Fry the dressing banana into the hot oil until they turn brown

7.       Drain the banana

8.       The fried banana is ready to serve

M.  HOW TO MAKE A PENCIL BOX

What you need:

•         An empty plastic bottle of mineral water

•         Sharp cutter

•         A piece of white or colourful paper

•         Some paint

•         Some glue

How to make it:

·         Wash the plastic bottle. Make sure it is clean when you use it

·         Cut the bottle into two pieces horisontally

·         Wrap the bottle with a piece of coloured paper

·         If you use plain paper, use the paint to make a drawing on it

·         Now your pencil box is ready to use

N.  HOW TO MAKE A TEAPOT OF COFFEE

Ingredient:

-          250 gram of sugar

-          10 spoonfull of coffee

-          2 liters of boiled water

How to make it :

1.Boiled 2 liters of water for 5 minutes.

2.Put sugar into the teapot

3.Put the coffee into the teapot

4.Pour the boiled water into the teapot.

5.Stir it perfectly

6.The coffee is ready to serve

O.  LOOP THE LOOP PAPER PLANE

Materials needed:

• A sheet of heavy paper
• A pencil
• Blunt scissors
• A paper clip
• Crayons

Method:

Here’s a paper airplane that will fly in circles

1.       First, fold the paper in half the long way.

2.       Then draw an airplane with wings and a tail on it

3.       Next, draw a line about an inch away from the fold on each side the full length of the paper.

4.       Then, cut out the airplane, but do not cut on the fold

5.       After that, spread out the airplane and color it. You can draw airplane markings near each wing down tip.

6.       Next, refold your airplane. Now, fold each wing down along the line drawn on it.

7.       Then, add a paper clip to the nose. You can change the way your airplane flies by changing the wing shape and putting more than one paper clip on the nose.

P.  How to Make a Fried Banana

Ingredient  :   -     A bunch of ripe bananas

-          Two ounces of flour

-          Half spoonful of salt

-          Half glass of water

-          Half bottle of coconut oil

Step    :   First, peel the banana and cut each of the bananas into two pieces. Mix the flour with some water. Add some salt into the dough, then deep the bananas into the dough.

                After that, heat the oil into a frying fan. Fry the bananas and wait until brownish .It is ready to be served.

Q.  Planting Flower

In planting flower we need flower, flower pot, some fertilizer, soil and water. First, put some soil into the pot. Mix it with some fertilizer. After that plant the flower into the pot and then water it gradually. Place it in the shadow place

Contoh Jenis Teks Recount

A.

Dear Paul,

                I’m writing to you concerning of my last day in France. I just got back from Eiffel the wonderful tower I’ve ever seen. The weather is fine. We are now staying in a hotel. It is not far from Notredamme .We are treated well here. It has many excellent staff who serve the customers. We plan to go around Notredamme after the children take a short nap. We want to enjoy there. It is a kind of a restaurant but it’s very expensive.

Many kinds of local handicraft are sold along the street. Both domestic and foreign tourists are interested in them.  I want to buy some as souvenirs

Don’t worry, I’ll also buy you the most interesting one.               

Love

Beckham

B.            Last week I participated in a badminton championship for SMP students  carried out  I Gedung Juang.  It was held to commemorate the 61^st anniversary  of our independent day.  My friends and I  went to the hall  by car  because  it’s far from our school.

When  we arrived there  we were  welcomed by the committee . The told us to get in the big hall  where the championship  was carried out.  There were many other participants  from other school  waiting  at the hall.  They came from many different  SMPs in Nganjuk.

The first match was  single  for woman. My friend Susana took part  this event for representing our beloved school SMP 1 Kertosono.  She played against  the player  from SMP 2 Nganjuk namely Lestari. Susan could defeat her very easily so she got the chance for the next turn in the semi final match.

Later it was my turn  to struggle against  the player from SMP 1 Nganjuk  for man single event. I was very surprised to find that  my opponent was  Tri Haryanto.  He was the first winner of badminton championship for SMP level  last year. Firstly,  I could not play well because I was nervous.  Then  all my friends supported  me by cheering  so hard for me.  Although it was not so easy and spent a lot of energy, I could defeat him at last. So, I also had a chance for  the next turn in the semi final match.

It was the first time  I had taken part in a badminton championship. I was so happy  although  I was not the winner yet.

C.            Last week I participated  in a swimming competition  at Asri swimming pool. It was held to commemorate  the 50^th  anniversary  of my school . My friends and I went to the swimming pool by car.

                When we arrived there , the committee told us to sit in a big hall. There were many other participants waiting at the hall. They came from many different schools.

                The first race was the butterfly stroke.  I finished in second place  and won a silver medal . My next race was the freestyle . I came in the third, so I got  a bronze medal.

                Later, my friend competed in  the backstroke  and he won. Our friends cheered  so hard for our team  that they nearly  lost their voice.  We were so tired  after the competition  that we fell  a sleep in the car.

                It was the first time I had taken part in a swimming competition . I was so happy  because I won the medals.

                                                D.  S O S

When a light passenger plane  flew off  some time ago, it crashed in the mountain and its pilot is killed. The only passengers,  a young woman and her two baby daughters, are unhurt  It is the middle of winter . Snow lay thick  on the ground. The woman knows that the nearest village  is miles away.  When it grows dark, she turned a suit -case  into a bed  and put the children  inside it, covering them with all the clothes  she can find. During the night, it gets terrible cold. The woman keeps as near as  she can to  the children  and even tried to get into the case herself, but it is too small.

Early next morning, she heard planes passing   overhead and wondered how she could send  a signal. Then she had an idea . She stamped out the letters “SOS”  in the snow.

Fortunately, a pilot see the signal  and send a massage by radio to the nearest town . It was not long  before  a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.

E.            I always smile every time I remember my first meeting with my wife. It was Saturday morning. I was on the way to my campus for attending a literature class. I was so hurried that I walked quickly without paying a good attention to my surroundings. When I was about to arrive at campus , I felt that I was stopped by something. I hit someone.

She was a girl with a blue dress. I had made her books scattered on the sidewalk. She picked her books. Then I helped collect her books. When I gave her the books, I didn’t see an anger in her eyes. She gave me a smile, instead .A smile that change my life.

I had forgot my class. I was charmed by her smile. Then, the next days I tried to find who she was. I guessed I had fallen in love at the first sight with her. In short, I found her and we now become a couple wife and husband.

 That was really a beautiful Saturday.

F.            I remember the time my sister got so angry with me. That was very coldin the morning and I borrowed a sweater from her. It was warm by the lunch time so I took the sweater off. I forgot about the sweater and left it in the canteen. When I went back to get it, it was gone. My sister was furious with me because the sweater was a gift her boyfriend. She was so angry that she didn’t speak to me for days.

G.  Landslide Claimed 6 Lives

I was walking along Rejoso hill with my friends when the landslide suddenly happened and hit many building along the hill last week. First I thought it was just common rain but then I saw some big stones and mud falling down and hit some houses belonging to the inhabitants. After that I heard some people ran panickly and screamed loudly for help. But nobody could do anything. They had to save themselves. A few hours later, The landslide was over.

“The inhabitants looked so frightened that they could do nothing. The landslide happened so fast that we could not save our children or property, “said Mr. Kasihan. Three hours later, the SAR crew arrived. They tried to give help to the inhabitants. They looked for some lost people. The found six bodies buried under the ruins of damaged buildings. The government asked the people to be patient and promised to rebuild some broken buildings.

“This disaster belonged to our responsibility to solve,” said Mr. Samsul Hadi, the local government official.

Contoh Jenis Teks Report

The Heart

The heart is the most important part of the body. It is the center of the life. However, the heart is the only as big as a closed hand.

                The heart is a muscle and it beats about seventy times per minutes throughout a person’s life.

                The heart pumps blood from your heart to all parts of the body. The heart is made up of four chambers or small “rooms”. The top chambers are called the right and left auricles and the bottom chambers are the right and left ventricles.

When blood enters the heart, it is in dark reddish color because it contains carbon dioxide. The blood enters the right auricle and then the right ventricle. When the heart contracts, it forces the blood to the lungs where the blood receives the oxygen. It then goes to the left auricle. The heart contracts again, and the blood goes to the left ventricle and is then forced out into the body. The blood gathers carbon dioxide and returns to the heart, and the process begins again.

Television                

Television or TV, is one of the humanity’s most important means of communication. It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes.

People with a television set can sit in their house and watch the president make a speech or visit a foreign country. They can see a war being fought, and they can watch government leaders try to bring about peace. Through television, viewers at home can see and learn about people, places, and things in far away lands. Television even takes viewers out of this world as the astronauts explore the outer space.

In addition to all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides any more entertainment programs than any other kinds of information media. The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, soap operas, sporting events, cartoons, quizzes, variety shows and motion pictures.

Computer

A computer is an electronic device which is used to store, process and analyze data or to solve mathematical calculations. A computer unit usually consists of four main parts. The first one is the CPU. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. This is considered as the brain of the computer as it analyzes and processes all the data entered.

The second one is the Keyboard. We use keyboard to feed the computer unit with information and commands. It looks just like an ordinary typewriter. Each button represents different code.

The third part is the disk drive. It is placed in the CPU. A computer unit usually has two disk drives. A disk drive functions as a device that reads all the data from a diskette.

The fourth part is the monitor. It looks like a television set. It enables us to look at the data we feed into the computer. All the data is displayed on the screen.

A part from these four main parts, we still need more additional parts, such as mouse and a printer. A mouse is used to make it easier to run a command. A printer presents output in printed form. Another thing that we need to operate a computer is diskette. It may contain a computer program, a game, or word processing program. It may also contain sets of data. All the data that we create is stored or is recorded into a diskette as a file.

Elephant

Elephant is a mammal. It is a big and wild animal. It has two large ears and small eyes. It also has four big legs, small tail and a trunk. An elephant usually has a pair of ivory especially when it has already grown up.

Elephant belongs to herbivore. It eats twig of leaves and grass. It lives in group. It also a protective animal, whenever it has a baby, the mother never lets the baby away. She always cares of the baby for many years. She will protect the baby from other wild animals. Whenever she felt in danger, she will make a certain sound to warn the baby and other members of group.

Elephant likes water. It likes soaking in mud. It can spend a lot of time there. It likes showering its body. Elephant lives in tropical forest. It is easy to find it in Africa, Vietnam even Indonesia.

What is Rainbow?

A rainbow is caused by sunlight being refracted, or “bent”, and reflected back toward the observer by raindrops. By this refraction, sunlight is broken up into its comonent colours-red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet-the colours of the rainbow from the outside to the inside of the arc. Rain bows always from on the side of the server opposite the sun

Mankind always seems to have regarded rainbows as good news. In the Bibble story of Noah’s Ark, after the flood, God put a rainbow in the sky as a sign that there would be no more floods. A legend maintains that, if you dig at the spot where the rainbow taouches the ground, you will find a pot of gold buried there.

What Is Star?

Look up at the sky on aclear, moonless night and the twinkling points of light you can see scattered across the heavens are stars. To the naked eye about 3,000 stars are visible from Earth. With the aid of intruments, scientists can see about 1,500 million stars!

Stars are formed when the gigantic clouds of gas and dust in space collapse inwards under the pull of their own gravity. When this happens, the pressure at the core becomes so great that the heat releases energy which keep a star burning brightly for most of its life, 10,000 million years. Our sun is a typical star. Throughout the vastness of space, stars are gathered in galaxies numbering million of stars. The universe contains millions of galaxies! We give names to constellations, recognisable clusters of stars, like Orion, the Plogh, and Cassiopeia.

Sharks

Sharks are flesh-eating fish so one cn easily understand why there are the most feared by all human swimmers.

The giant white sharks are very fast and ferocious and attack anything that moves. The blue sharks and tiger sharks are also deadly killers.

Different fom them are the wild sharks which are the largest of all fish. They eat small animals and plants. The porbeagle shark (above) eats mackarel, haddock, cod and dogfish. These fishes are all swallowed whole.

The probeagle is about hree metre in length. It is a great nuisnce so far as fisherman are concerned for sometimes probeagle are cought in nets that are already partly filled with other fish. A porbeagle so cought will promptly break through the net so releasing the rest of the catch. The probeagle is easily recognised by its pointed snout.

Snakes

Snakes ARE reptiles that are cold-blooded-creatures. They belong to the same group as lizard (the scaled group, Squamata) but from a sub-group of their own (Serpentes).

Snakes HAVE two legs but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes ARE not slimy. There are covered in scales which are just bumps on the skin. Their skin IS hard and glosy to reduce frinction as the snakes SLITHER along the ground.

Snakes often SUNBAKE on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes ARE cold-blooded and they NEED the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes LIVE in the country. Some types of snakes live in TREES, some LIVE in water, but most live on the GROUND in deserted rabbit burrows, in thick, long grass and in old logs. A snake’s diet usually consists of frogs, lizards, and mice and other snakes. The anaconda can EAT small crocodiles and even wild boars.

Many snakes PROTECT themselves with their fangs. Boa constrictors can give you a bear hug which is so powerful it can crush every single bone in your body. Some snakes are protected by scarring their enemies away like the Cobra. The flying snakes GLIDE away from danger. Their ribs SPREAD apart and the skin STRECHES out. Its technique is just like the sugar glider’s

What is a Kangaroo?

                A kangaroo is an animal FOUND in Australia, although it has a smaller relative, called a wallaby, which LIVE in the Australian Island of Tasmania and also in New Guinea.

                Kangaroos EAT GRASS and plants. They have SHORT front legs, but very long, and very strong back LEGS and a tail. These they use for sitting up on and for JUMPING. Kangaroos have been known to make forward jumps of over eight  meters, and LEAP across fences more than three meters high. They can also run at SPEED of over 45 kilometers per hour.

                The largest kangaroos are the Great Kangaroo and the RED KANGAROO. Adults grow to a length of 1.60 meters and weigh OVER 90 kilos.

                Kangaroos ARE marsupials. This means that the MALE KANGAROO has an external pouch on the front of her body. A BABY KANGAROO is very tiny when it is born, and it crawls at once into this POUCH where it spends its first five months of life.

 Leopard

 This is a leopard, a big cat with bright yellow color and black spots. Those black spots are nearly of the same size from its nose to its tail. It is about six to seven and a half feet long. People also call this animal panther.

                Although it is a big animal, its ears are quite small. However, it has a long tail and it runs very fast. It jumps very well too. That is why it is good at chasing and catching its preys.

                To catch its prey, it often hides on a tree and waits until small animals come near the tree, the leopard jumps down and kills the animal. A leopard eats all smaller animals, but it likes dogs best.

Whales

Whales are sea living mammals. They, therefore, breathe air but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whales, which can exceed 30 m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like fish but they are important differences in the external structure: its tail consists of pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of each large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it layer of fat (blubber). This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids

Duckbills

Duckbills live in streams, rivers, and occasionally in lakes. The females usually dig long, winding burrows in the bank of rivers or stream. The burrows are blocked with earth in several places as fortification against intruders and flooding. At the end of the burrow, the female constructs a bed of weeds, leaves and grass, which it uses as a nest for the eggs and young and for a retreat. The male is excluded from the nesting burrow.